The writer – may Allah bless him, whose knowledge may benefit us in the world and in the hereafter, said:
عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم قَالَ:
لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى رِجَالٌ أَمْوَالَ قَوْمٍ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ، لَكِنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينَ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَPER-WORD TRANSLATION
عَنْ (From) | ابْنِ (the son of) | عَبَّاسٍ (Abbas) | رَضِيَ (May Allah be pleased) | اللَّهُ (Allah) | عَنْهُمَا (with both of them) | أَنَّ (that) | رَسُولَ (the Messenger of) اللَّهِ (Allah) | صلى الله عليه و سلم (peace and blessings be upon him) لَوْ (If) | يُعْطَى (given) | النَّاسُ (the people) | بِدَعْوَاهُمْ (by their claims) | لَادَّعَى (would have claimed) | رِجَالٌ (men) | أَمْوَالَ (the wealth of) | قَوْمٍ (people) | وَدِمَاءَهُمْ (and their blood) | لَكِنَّ (but) | الْبَيِّنَةَ (the evidence) | عَلَى (is upon) | الْمُدَّعِي (the claimant) | وَالْيَمِينُ (and the oath) | عَلَى (is upon) | مَنْ (the one who) | أَنْكَرَ (denies)COMPLETE TRANSLATION
عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم قَالَ:From Ibnu Abbas - may Allah be pleased with both - that the Prophet ﷺ said:
لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى رِجَالٌ أَمْوَالَ قَوْمٍ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ، لَكِنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينَ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ
If people were given whatever they claim, they will certainly claim the wealth and blood of other people. However, the proof is obligatory upon the claimant and the oath is obligatory upon the one who denies, (Hasan Hadith narrated by Al-Baihaqi in As-Sunan: 10/252).EXPLANATION OF THE HADITH
1 - The Prophet's saying (لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ) or (If people were given) means:أَي ما ادَّعَوْا أَنَّهُ حَقُّهُم، وَطالَبُوا بِهِ
i.e., what they claimed as their right and demanded.
2 - The Prophet's saying (بِدَعْوَاهُمْ) or (with their claims)
أَي بِمُجَرَّدِ قَوْلِهِمْ، وَطَلَبِهِمْ دُونَ تَثَبُّتٍ
i.e., merely by their words and demands without verification.
3 - The Prophet's saying (لادَّعَى رِجَالٌ) or (men would claim) means:
أَي لَتَجَرَّأَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ عَلَى دِمَاءِ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَخَصَّ الرِّجَالَ بِالذِّكْرِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِن شَأْنِهِمْ غَالِبًا
i.e., some people would dare to claim the blood and wealth of others, and men are specifically mentioned because that is usually their business.
4 - The Prophet's saying (أَمْوَالَ قَوْمٍ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ) or (the wealth and blood of other people) means:
دِمَاءُ رِجَالٍ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ فَلَا يَتَمَكَّنُ المَدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ مِن صِيَانَةِ دَمِهِ، وَمَالِهِ.
The blood and wealth of men, so the defendant cannot protect his blood and wealth.
5 - The Prophet's saying (البَيِّنَةُ) or (evidence/proof) means:
كُلُّ مَا يُبَيِّنُ الحَقَّ مِن الشُّهُودِ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ
Everything that clarifies the truth from witnesses and others.
6 - The Prophet's saying (المُدَّعِي) or (the claimant) means:
هُوَ مَنْ يُثْبِتُ لِنَفْسِهِ حَقًّا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ
He is the one who proves a right for himself over someone else.
7 - The Prophet's saying (وَاليَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ) or (the oath is obligatory upon the one who denies) means:
لِأَنَّ الأَصْلَ بَرَاءَةُ ذِمَّتِهِ مِمَّا طُلِبَ مِنْهُ
because the basic is the clearance of his liability from what is demanded of him.
ما يُستَفادُ مِنَ الحَديثِLESSON FROM THE HADITH
لَا يَجُوزُ الحُكْمُ لِأَحَدٍ بِمُجَرَّدِ دَعْوَاهُ1. It is not permissible to judge for someone merely based on their claim.
كُلُّ دَعْوَى لَا دَلِيلَ عَلَيْهَا لَا تُقْبَلُ
2. Every claim without evidence is not accepted.
البَيِّنَةُ: وَهِيَ الشُّهُودُ عَلَى المُدَّعِي
3. The evidence means the witnesses from the claimant.
وَاليَمِينُ عَلَى المُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ
4. And the oath is on the defendant.
الحديثُ أَصْلٌ في بابِ القَضاءِ
5. The hadith is fundamental in the chapter of judiciary.
إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُدَّعِي بَيِّنَةٌ، حَلَفَ المُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ
6. If the claimant has no evidence, the defendant takes an oath. Wallahua'lam
Karangasem, 9 December 2024 Irfan Nugroho (May Allah bless him, his family, and his parents. Aamiin)
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